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Smelting

Smelting is the industrial process of extracting base metals from their ores through heating and chemical reduction, typically at high temperatures. The process involves applying heat and a reducing agent to ore to drive off other elements as gases or slag, leaving behind the metal in molten form. Smelting is a critical step in the production of metals such as copper, iron, lead, zinc and aluminium, bridging the gap between mining and refining. The technique has been practised for millennia, with early civilisations smelting copper and tin to produce bronze, though modern industrial smelting operates at far greater scale and efficiency. Contemporary smelters are capital-intensive facilities that consume substantial amounts of energy, often relying on coal, natural gas or electricity to achieve the necessary temperatures, which can exceed 1 500 °C for some metals. The process typically produces by-products including slag, sulphur dioxide and other emissions, making environmental management a significant operational concern. In the copper industry, for example, smelting converts copper concentrate into blister copper or matte, which is then refined to high-purity metal. Smelting capacity and costs are key determinants of global metal supply chains, with regions offering cheap energy or proximity to ore sources often hosting major smelting hubs. China dominates global smelting capacity across multiple metals, including copper, aluminium and steel, reflecting its role as the world's largest metals consumer and processor. The sector faces ongoing pressure to adopt cleaner technologies, improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions as part of the transition to more sustainable industrial practices.

Smelting News


Norsk Hydro refinery
Norsk Hydro flags higher smelting costs after quarterly profit miss
23rd October 2026 By: Reuters

Norwegian aluminium producer Norsk Hydro on Friday reported a third-quarter core profit below market expectations and said it expected higher costs and lower realised metal prices at its smelting... 


Chilean copper mine
China resumes sulphuric acid exports to copper king Chile after three-month halt
20th October 2026 By: Reuters

China resumed sulphuric acid exports to Chile in September after a three-month halt, with shipments to the world's largest copper producer accounting for nearly all of the month's exports, customs... 


Safford copper mine
Freeport bets on chemical solution to reach copper leaching target
19th October 2026 By: Reuters

Freeport-McMoRan is betting a new chemical compound can help it reach an ambitious target of extracting 800-million pounds of copper from waste rock each year and expand production beyond... 


Valterra Platinum Executive Head: Processing Operations Agit Singh.
Jameson cells saving Valterra Platinum R203m, keeping 3 000 trucks off road
9th October 2026 By: Martin Creamer

Reduction of 3 000-equivalent trucks on the road, a 70.5 MWh decrease in smelting electricity consumption, a 70 000 t cut in smelting CO2 emissions, and a R203-million annual cost saving, which... 


Valterra Platinum Executive Head: Processing Operations Agit Singh.
Jameson cells saving Valterra Platinum R203m, keeping 3 000 trucks off road
23rd September 2026 By: Martin Creamer

Reduction of 3 000-equivalent trucks on the road, a 70.5 MWh decrease in smelting electricity consumption, a 70 000 t cut in smelting CO2 emissions, and a R203-million annual cost saving, which... 


Zinc
LME zinc squeeze signals deepening supply risks for the West, Reuters says
3rd September 2026 By: Reuters

Another year of mine underperformance, record-low smelter treatment terms and a scramble for metal on the London Metal Exchange (LME). If you're thinking this is a description of the copper market,... 


An image of the Waterberg project facility
Small-scale works started at Waterberg project
21st August 2026

Following the start of a drilling campaign for metallurgical testwork purposes at its Waterberg project, platinum and palladium developer Platinum Group Metals announced in its third quarter 2026... 


Photo of Martin Creamer
Local development of value adding technology should be given more encouragement
14th August 2026 By: Martin Creamer

New South African smelting technology that uses 70% less electricity has reached the commercialisation phase. Domestically advanced ultra-high-dense-media-separation processing is poised to... 


Nickel
Indonesian nickel miner group says 2026 production quota additions to be granted selectively
13th August 2026 By: Reuters

The Indonesian government will grant additional nickel ore production quotas selectively and only to smelters that are running low on raw materials, an industry association said on Thursday, as the... 


Copper with numbering
China's August copper output to fall as acute feedstocks shortage bites, Antaike says
13th August 2026 By: Reuters

China's refined copper output in August will post an annual decline for a second straight month, constrained by an acute shortage of feedstocks, State-backed research house Antaike said on... 


Image of Kansoko boxcut
Kamoa-Kakula Copper Complex, Democratic Republic of Congo – update
7th August 2026 By: Sheila Barradas

Ivanhoe Mines has tightened 2026 production guidance to between 290 000 t and 310 000 t of copper in anode, blister or saleable slag concentrate, from 290 000 t to 330 000 t. 


Energy-saving smelting tech, ARM growth projects, increased iron-ore demand make headlines
Energy-saving smelting tech, ARM growth projects, increased iron-ore demand make headlines
6th August 2026

Mining Weekly Editor Martin Creamer discusses the new South African smelting technology that uses 70% less electricity; Bokoni and Nkomati being poised to unlock significant long-term value for... 


Meridian Mining CEO Gilbert Clark
Smelter tests deliver high-quality blister copper for Meridian Mining
30th July 2026 By: Lumkile Nkomfe

TSX-listed Meridian Mining has reported that its smelter tests have delivered high-grade and high-quality blister copper, highlighting that the laboratory-scale smelting and converting tests... 


Aluminium in factory
Trump says he signed proclamation to adjust tariffs on aluminum imports
21st July 2026 By: Reuters

President Donald Trump said on Monday he signed a proclamation to adjust tariffs on imports of aluminum into the US, adding the domestic production of primary aluminum in the US was currently... 


Looking north over the newly built Kansoko Sud boxcut, which is expected to start underground development in ore from the first quarter of 2027. The new boxcut will support the increase in production to between 380 000 t and 420 000 t of copper in 2027.
Kamoa-Kakula Copper Complex, Democratic Republic of Congo – update
17th July 2026 By: Sheila Barradas

Ivanhoe Mines has maintained 2026 production guidance at 290 000 t to 330 000 t of copper in anode or blister, and 2027 guidance at 380 000 t to 420 000 t. 


Image of native copper nugget
Olympic Dam growth projects, Australia – update
17th July 2026 By: Sheila Barradas

Multinational mining company BHP has awarded a design and supply contract to China Nerin Engineering for key processing facilities as part of the proposed smelter and refinery expansion in South... 


Copper cathode
Indonesia's Amman Mineral aims to double copper cathode output in 2026
14th July 2026 By: Reuters

Indonesia's PT Amman Mineral Nusa Tenggara, the main unit of Jakarta-listed PT Amman Mineral Internasional, aims to double its copper cathode output this year after it finished ramping up... 


Teck Resources' Trail Operations in British Columbia
Teck to receive up to $400m Canadian investment for germanium, gallium, antimony scale-up
8th July 2026 By: Marleny Arnoldi

TSX- and NYSE-listed Teck Resources, Natural Resources Canada and Canada Growth Fund (CGF) have signed a strategic investment agreement to support expanding production capacity for germanium,... 


A generic image of smelter operations
Transalloys warns of permanent closure of South Africa’s last manganese smelter
2nd July 2026 By: Lumkile Nkomfe

Manganese ferroalloys producer Transalloys has fully stopped its ferroalloys production in Mpumalanga on July 1, with no indication of when operations may resume. The company highlights that the... 


Copper sheets produced in Chile
Copper king Chile faces acid supply crunch as China exports dry up
22nd April 2026 By: Reuters

China's exports of sulphuric acid to Chile dwindled to zero in March, Chinese customs data show, leaving the world's top copper producing nation facing a squeeze on supplies of the chemical used to... 


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