Discrete Element Modelling

Discrete Element Modelling (DEM) is a computational simulation technique used to analyse the behaviour of granular and bulk materials by modelling individual particles and their interactions. The method calculates the motion, collision and force transfer between discrete particles such as rock fragments, ore or other bulk solids as they move through a system. In mining and mineral processing, DEM is widely applied to design and optimise materials-handling equipment, including transfer chutes, conveyors, screens and crushers, by predicting flow patterns, wear points and impact forces before physical construction. Engineers use the technology to reduce blockages, minimise spillage and improve equipment lifespan, cutting downtime and maintenance costs. DEM software builds on advances in computing power that allow simulation of millions of particles with realistic shapes and material properties. The technique complements physical testing and scaled prototyping, often shortening design cycles for bespoke equipment. It is particularly valuable for engineering firms that design chute systems and other bulk-handling solutions, allowing them to validate designs virtually for varying ore characteristics and throughput rates. Adoption has grown across the mining sector as operators seek to improve efficiency and reduce unplanned stoppages. The technology originated from research in engineering and physics in the late twentieth century and has since become a standard tool in mineral-processing equipment design.