https://www.miningweekly.com

Receive our free daily newsletter:

Illegal Mining

Illegal mining is the extraction of minerals or precious metals without lawful authorisation, operating outside the regulatory framework that governs the formal mining sector. The practice encompasses a spectrum of activities, from small-scale artisanal operations to organised criminal networks that exploit abandoned or active mine workings. Illegal miners typically target high-value commodities such as gold, diamonds and platinum-group metals, often accessing disused shafts, tailings dumps and operational mine sites. In South Africa, illegal miners are commonly known as zama zamas, a term derived from a Zulu phrase meaning "those who try their luck". The sector thrives in regions with extensive mining heritage, particularly where formal operations have closed or scaled back, leaving behind accessible infrastructure and residual mineral deposits. Illegal mining poses significant safety risks, as operators work in unregulated conditions without proper ventilation, support structures or emergency protocols, leading to frequent fatalities from rockfalls, flooding and asphyxiation. The activity also generates substantial economic losses for governments through foregone tax revenue and royalties, while undermining legitimate mining companies through theft of ore and damage to infrastructure. Environmental degradation is a further consequence, with illegal operations causing uncontrolled pollution, land subsidence and contamination of water sources. Law enforcement agencies face considerable challenges in combating illegal mining, as operations are often linked to organised crime syndicates involved in money laundering, human trafficking and the trade in illicit goods. The phenomenon is driven by a combination of high unemployment, poverty, porous border controls and the lucrative nature of precious metal markets. Addressing illegal mining requires coordinated efforts spanning law enforcement, socioeconomic development, mine rehabilitation and regulatory reform.

Illegal Mining News


Photo of Martin Creamer
Honesty, integrity, governance, meritocracy must be emphasised at every turn
18th September 2026 By: Martin Creamer

South Africa’s illicit economy is a tough nut to crack. The main outcome of the many years news reports on illegal mining, unlawful tobacco trading, dangerous drug trafficking and even black-market... 


Three years of giving Junior Mining a voice
11th September 2026

By President of Junior Mining Council Fred Arendse On 12 September 2023, a significant new chapter was written in South Africa’s mining industry at the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). 


South Africa’s abandoned mines: The missing piece in the fight against illegal mining
20th August 2026

By Junior Mining Council President Fred Arendse South Africa cannot wish away the illegal mining crisis while leaving thousands of abandoned, derelict and ownerless mines without proper security or... 


PwC Associate Director Smart Mining South Africa Ian Mackay.
AI can help fill South Africa’s cadastre with deposits, mine modernising event hears
14th August 2026 By: Martin Creamer

Instead of relying primarily on traditional geological interpretation, South Africa can turn to AI for help in the same way as has been done with huge success to discover Zambia’s biggest copper... 


The site of the mine dump collapse in Rustenburg
Rustenburg mine dump collapse kills 14 illegal miners, police say
11th August 2026 By: Reuters

RUSTENBURG - At least 14 suspected illegal miners were killed and eight injured when a mine dump collapsed in South Africa's North West province on Monday night, police said. Search and rescue... 


Aurous Resources CEO Richard Floyd.
Revived Far West Rand gold mines looking to add 1 000 more jobs
7th August 2026 By: Martin Creamer

Gold mining company Aurous Resources, which has been ticking away quietly off the radar with its revived Blyvooruitzicht and Doornfontein gold mines, is looking to adding 1 000 more employment... 


PwC Associate Director Smart Mining South Africa Ian Mackay.
AI can help fill South Africa’s cadastre with deposits, mine modernising event hears
27th July 2026 By: Martin Creamer

Instead of relying primarily on traditional geological interpretation, South Africa can turn to AI for help in the same way as has been done with huge success to discover Zambia’s biggest copper... 


JMC mourns two SANDF members, calls for urgent rehabilitation of abandoned mines
JMC mourns two SANDF members, calls for urgent rehabilitation of abandoned mines
20th July 2026

The Junior Mining Council (JMC) extends its deepest condolences to the families, friends and colleagues of the two members of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) who lost their lives... 


Operation PROSPER deals heavy blow to illicit mining, organised crime
Operation PROSPER deals heavy blow to illicit mining, organised crime
17th July 2026 By: Thabi Shomolekae

In a massive nationwide crackdown, the South African Police Service (SAPS) and the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) have intensified joint, multi-disciplinary efforts under Operation... 


A truck at the Damang mine
Ghana approves revised mining law to strengthen oversight
15th July 2026 By: Reuters

Ghana's cabinet has approved amendments to its mining law for submission to parliament, Mines Minister Emmanuel Armah-Kofi Buah said on Wednesday, as part of government efforts to increase... 


Graham Coetzer
Zama Zama: Inside the Illicit Mining Underworld
3rd July 2026

Through exclusive interviews with zama zamas, syndicate insiders, intelligence operatives, and law enforcement officials, Zama Zama sheds light on the hidden mechanics of this shadow economy. The... 


A rainbow over a quarry after a storm
Global events stymying local growth
12th June 2026 By: Halima Frost

Following positive developments in South Africa’s surface mining and quarrying sector from mid-2025 to year-end, recent international geopolitical turmoil has stymied any further growth in the... 


Who is taking accountability for illegal mining in South Africa?
Who is taking accountability for illegal mining in South Africa?
5th June 2026

As questions mount over who should ultimately take responsibility for combating illegal mining in South Africa, industry leaders, security specialists, law enforcement agencies, prosecutors, and... 


Central basin decant impacts Boksburg lake
2nd June 2026 By: Creamer Media Reporter

The Trans-Caledon Tunnel Authority (TCTA) on Monday confirmed that decant from the Central basin has affected water quality in Boksburg lake. The TCTA operates and maintains three acid mine... 


Mine security conference seeks unified action despite growing distrust in security structures
Mine security conference seeks unified action despite growing distrust in security structures
22nd May 2026

The growing mistrust within South Africa’s mine security and law enforcement sectors will not stop the urgent need for stronger collaboration, according to organisers of the upcoming 5th annual... 


JMC welcomes arrest of Illegal Miners in North West
22nd May 2026

The Junior Mining Council (JMC) welcomes the arrest of 14 alleged illegal miners in Brits, North West, during a multi-disciplinary law enforcement operation involving the South African Police... 


Aspasa director Letisha van den Berg
Surface miners face mounting challenges post Covid survival
1st May 2026 By: Nadine Ramdass

The small-scale surface mining and opencast sector is contending with complex challenges – including lower affiliated commodities demand and illegal mining – which are hindering the industry’s... 


An illegal mine
Illegal mining more than just a law enforcement issue, research fellow says
24th April 2026 By: Lumkile Nkomfe

A presentation by University of South Africa (Unisa) Centre of Excellence: Adaptation and Resilience postdoctoral research fellow Dr Kennedy Manduna has challenged dominant narratives around... 


Don't miss the 5th annual Mine Security Conference
Don't miss the 5th annual Mine Security Conference
3rd March 2026

The explosion of illegal mining and its immeasurable economic and social effects have been at a critical point for many years. The annual Mine Security conference, hosted in Johannesburg, is one of... 


Illegal mining remains a nationally coordinated organised crime threat, SAPS tells parliamentary committee
Illegal mining remains a nationally coordinated organised crime threat, SAPS tells parliamentary committee
24th February 2026 By: Sabrina Jardim

Amid a resurgence of illegal mining across South Africa, interventions and coordinated measures are being implemented to curb ongoing incidents across the country. This was discussed during an... 


1
2

Option 1 (equivalent of R125 a month):

Receive a weekly copy of Creamer Media's Engineering News & Mining Weekly magazine
(print copy for those in South Africa and e-magazine for those outside of South Africa)
Receive daily email newsletters
Access to full search results
Access archive of magazine back copies
Access to Projects in Progress
Access to ONE Research Report of your choice in PDF format

Option 2 (equivalent of R375 a month):

All benefits from Option 1
PLUS
Access to Creamer Media's Research Channel Africa for ALL Research Reports, in PDF format, on various industrial and mining sectors including Electricity; Water; Energy Transition; Hydrogen; Roads, Rail and Ports; Coal; Gold; Platinum; Battery Metals; etc.

Already a subscriber?

Forgotten your password?

MAGAZINE & ONLINE

SUBSCRIBE

RESEARCH CHANNEL AFRICA

SUBSCRIBE

CORPORATE PACKAGES

CLICK FOR A QUOTATION







pqt: 0.094s - ct: 0.146s - 275pq - 2rq
Subscribe Now