Green Ammonia

Green ammonia is ammonia produced using renewable energy sources, with no carbon emissions in the manufacturing process. Unlike conventional ammonia production, which relies on natural gas through the Haber-Bosch process and generates significant carbon dioxide, green ammonia is synthesised using hydrogen derived from water electrolysis powered by renewable electricity, combined with nitrogen extracted from air. The hydrogen component is known as green hydrogen, reflecting its zero-carbon production pathway. Green ammonia serves dual purposes: as a carbon-free energy carrier that can store and transport renewable energy, and as a sustainable feedstock for fertiliser production and industrial applications. The compound is gaining attention as a potential shipping fuel and as a means of exporting renewable energy from regions with abundant wind or solar resources to energy-importing markets. Production facilities are emerging globally, particularly in regions with strong renewable energy capacity, as industries seek to decarbonise ammonia supply chains. The technology is still scaling commercially, with costs currently higher than conventional ammonia, though falling renewable energy prices and carbon pricing mechanisms are improving competitiveness. Green ammonia is considered a key enabler of the energy transition, particularly for hard-to-decarbonise sectors such as shipping, heavy industry and agriculture. Investment in green ammonia projects has accelerated since 2020, driven by net-zero commitments and policy support for clean hydrogen and ammonia value chains.