Tshwane

Tshwane is a metropolitan municipality in Gauteng province, South Africa, and serves as the country's administrative capital. The city encompasses Pretoria, the executive capital where the Union Buildings and most government departments are located. Tshwane is one of South Africa's largest metropolitan areas by population and geographic extent, with several million residents spread across urban, suburban and rural areas. The municipality is a major economic hub, with its economy anchored by government administration, manufacturing, automotive production, steel and heavy industry. Key facilities include the Pretoria central business district, industrial zones in Rosslyn and Silverton, and the University of Pretoria. Tshwane plays a central role in national governance and public procurement, hosting national departments, state-owned enterprises and regulatory bodies. The city's infrastructure includes OR Tambo International Airport to the east and extensive road and rail networks. Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality was established in 2000 through the amalgamation of several local authorities, including the former Pretoria City Council.