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Underground Mining

Underground mining is a method of extracting minerals, metals and other geological materials from beneath the earth's surface through the construction of tunnels, shafts and other subterranean workings. The technique is employed when ore deposits lie at depths that make surface mining uneconomical or impractical, typically beyond 150 m to 200 m, though the transition depth varies according to ore grade, geology and commodity prices. Underground mining encompasses a range of methods including room-and-pillar, longwall, block caving, sublevel stoping and cut-and-fill, each suited to different ore body geometries, rock strengths and economic constraints. The sector is capital intensive, requiring substantial investment in shaft sinking, ventilation systems, hoisting infrastructure, ground support and safety equipment. Operating costs per tonne are generally higher than for openpit operations, but underground mining allows access to high-grade deposits and extends the life of mines as surface reserves deplete. Major underground mining regions include South Africa's deep-level gold and platinum operations, Australia's base metal and gold mines, Canada's nickel and potash workings, and Chile's copper mines. The method is prevalent in diamond mining, where kimberlite pipes often extend to great depth, and in coal extraction where seams lie below economically strippable overburden. Technological advances in automation, remote operation and real-time monitoring are progressively improving safety and productivity in underground environments. The industry faces ongoing challenges including ventilation and cooling at depth, rock burst and seismic risk, water ingress, and the recruitment and retention of skilled labour willing to work in confined and hazardous conditions.

Underground Mining News


The Gold Room and smelter at Fortuna's Séguéla’ underground mining operation
West Africa a development hotspot – miner
29th May 2026 By: Halima Frost

Mining development in West Africa is entering a new growth phase shaped around the development of more technically complex projects, particularly underground mining opportunities; higher... 


Magazine Cover Image
Inside Tharisa’s life-extending transition from openpit to underground mining
22nd May 2026 By: Natasha Odendaal

On March 31, 2026, just after 14:00, the detonation of 650 kg of explosives broke through the first rocks to enable access to underground resources at the Tharisa mine, located on the western limb... 


Magazine Cover Image
Inside Tharisa’s life-extending transition from openpit to underground mining
22nd May 2026 By: Natasha Odendaal

On March 31, 2026, just after 14:00, the detonation of 650 kg of explosives broke through the first rocks to enable access to underground resources at the Tharisa mine, located on the western limb... 


Image of Matla mine
Matla Life-of-Mine Project – New Mine 1 project, South Africa – update
22nd May 2026 By: Sheila Barradas

Exxaro Resources officially opened the New Mine 1 operation at Matla colliery on May 15, 2026.  


Image of a miner applying a water-sealing solution underground
Effective control of groundwater helps protect underground infrastructure
15th May 2026

Managing groundwater ingress is recognised as one of the most complex technical challenges in underground mining. Water-bearing fissures, fractured rock formations and unexpected inflows can... 


Karowe walkway to heaven
Karowe diamond mine underground project, Botswana – update
15th May 2026 By: Sheila Barradas

The project has been materially derisked following the completion of shaft sinking in 2025. 


Stockpiles at the Tharisa mine
Tharisa PGMs underground project, South Africa – update
15th May 2026 By: Sheila Barradas

Tharisa Minerals had concluded a five-year contract with Cementation Africa for underground mining development and construction works at the Tharisa mine. 


Image of the Jwaneng mine
Jwaneng underground project, Botswana – update
8th May 2026 By: Sheila Barradas

Debswana is pressing ahead with its plan to prolong the life span of its flagship Jwaneng mine to 2054. 


Image of the Venetia mine
Venetia Underground Project, South Africa – update
8th May 2026 By: Sheila Barradas

The underground project is progressing in line with the mine's reconfigured plan. 


Cementation Africa
Cementation Africa guides mines safely to steady state production
24th April 2026

Transitioning from development to steady state production remains one of the most challenging phases in a mine’s lifecycle. Whether it involves a greenfield project, expansion or conversion from... 


Cementation Africa delivers specialised underground water-sealing solutions to manage groundwater ingress and support safe mining operations
Specialist water sealing - a critical capability in underground mining
22nd April 2026

Managing groundwater ingress is one of the most complex technical challenges faced in underground mining. Water-bearing fissures, fractured rock formations and unexpected inflows can disrupt... 


Cementation Africa
Cementation Africa guides mines safely to steady state production
17th April 2026

Transitioning from development to steady state production remains one of the most challenging phases in a mine’s lifecycle. Whether it involves a greenfield project, expansion or conversion from... 


Image of Karowe processing plant
Karowe diamond mine underground project, Botswana – update
3rd April 2026 By: Sheila Barradas

Lucara has closed a $350-million senior secured bond issue, providing the financial certainty needed to progress the project to completion. 


The Mindola sinking headgear and skeleton structure during early-stage structural works on site
Cementation Africa to equip Mindola shaft for the future of Nkana mine
23rd March 2026

Cementation Africa is leveraging its decades of experience in shaft sinking and underground mining at Mopani Copper Mines’ Mindola shaft in Zambia – paving the way to extend the life of the Nkana... 


Image of an AECI mini booster
Mini booster for confined spaces
6th March 2026

Mining solutions company AECI has unveiled a compact booster designed to deliver initiation in small‑diameter holes, particularly in underground and constrained blasting environments. Showcased at... 


Image of Karowe processing plant
Karowe diamond mine underground project, Botswana – update
6th March 2026 By: Sheila Barradas

Lucara Diamond Corp has reported that additional funding will be needed to complete the underground expansion. 


SEEPEX BN Pumps with Smart Joint Access Enhance Efficiency in Rock Blasting Operations
SEEPEX BN Pumps with Smart Joint Access Enhance Efficiency in Rock Blasting Operations
27th February 2026

SEEPEX has introduced BN pumps with Smart Joint Access (SJA), engineered for the reliable and precise transfer of abrasive, corrosive, and chemical media in mining and construction. Designed for... 


View of the Venetia mine
Venetia Underground Project, South Africa – update
27th February 2026 By: Sheila Barradas

A project is undergoing a rescoping process to optimise capital deployment and production schedules 


Fruta del Norte in Ecuador
LunR to acquire $670m life-of-mine silver stream on Fruta del Norte
23rd February 2026 By: Mariaan Webb

TSX-V-listed LunR Royalties has struck a binding agreement with Lundin Gold to acquire a life-of-mine silver stream on the Fruta del Norte (FDN) gold mine in Ecuador for about $670-million. As... 


Cementation Africa new business director Graham Chamberlain
Cementation Africa unpacks the critical transition from mine development to production
9th February 2026

Mining projects face their greatest technical and operational risks during the transition from development into steady state production, a critical phase that can determine long-term performance... 


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