Jharkhand

Jharkhand is a state in eastern India, carved out of southern Bihar in 2000, with Ranchi as its capital. It forms part of India's mineral-rich belt alongside Chhattisgarh and Odisha, holding substantial reserves of coal, iron ore and other minerals that underpin the state's economy. Mining, steel production and heavy industry dominate its economic profile, supported by large power stations and coalfields that feed the national grid. The state hosts major industrial operations tied to steel, cement and fertiliser production, drawing on its natural resource base. Its coal reserves make it a key contributor to India's thermal power generation and a focus for companies such as Tata Power that operate coal-linked plants. Jharkhand's capital, Ranchi, serves as its administrative and commercial hub, while other towns such as Jamshedpur are centres of steelmaking. Governance follows India's federal structure, with an elected state government and legislature. The state's significance in national business coverage stems largely from its role in coal supply, mining output and industrial capacity, which affect energy security and manufacturing costs across India. Periodic disruptions from weather patterns such as El Niño can affect hydropower and agricultural output in the wider region, indirectly influencing demand for the state's coal-based power. Since its formation, Jharkhand has remained central to debates over resource extraction, industrial development and regional economic disparity within India.