South Africa's coal sales to Europe rose eight-fold during the first half of 2022 compared with last year as demand for the fossil fuel surged ahead of a ban on Russian coal, Thungela Resources said on Monday.

In April, the European Union announced a ban on coal imports from Russia as part of sanctions for its invasion of Ukraine. The ban came into effect on August 10.

Ahead of the ban, European countries, which previously imported 45% of their coal from Russia and have been switching away from expensive natural gas to coal, started to source the fossil fuel from other countries, including South Africa.

Thungela, a leading South African coal exporter and part of a consortium which owns Africa's largest coal export facility,  the Richards Bay Coal Terminal (RBCT), said Europe was competing with Asia for South African coal.

"It's worth noting that coal exports from RBCT into Europe have increased by about 720% from half a million tonnes in H1 2021 to 4.1 million tonnes in the first half of 2022," Thungela CFO Deon Smith said during an investor call.

"At the same time, exports to Asia from RBCT dropped by 17% compared to the first half of 2021," he said, adding that enjoyed a freight advantage over Australian and South American coal, he added.

Figures obtained by Reuters in June showed that European countries, chiefly the Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Denmark, France, Italy and Ukraine were importing growing quantities of coal from South Africa.

Thungela said the high demand had driven its realised average price to $240/t during the half-year to June 30, compared to $75/t last year, boosting its profit more than 20 times versus the year before.

The company, which was spun off global mining giant Anglo American in June 2021, said it would return R8.2-billion to shareholders after declaring a dividend of 60 rand per share, driving its share price more than 6% up.

Thungela CEO July Ndlovu, however, said South Africa could not fully take advantage of the strong coal demand due to the limited capacity of the state-owned rail company Transnet to haul the mineral to port.

Poor maintenance, a lack of locomotives and copper cable theft have diminished Transnet's capacity.

As a result of the rail woes, Thungela has revised its production guidance for 2022 to between 13-million and 13.6-million tonnes, from the previous 14-million to 15-million range. The company is exploring the possibility of using trucks to haul coal to port.