Iraq

Iraq is a country in the Middle East, bordered by Türkiye to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the west and Syria to the north-west. Its capital and largest city is Baghdad. Iraq has a population of about 42-million and an economy heavily dependent on oil exports, which account for the majority of government revenue and gross domestic product. The country holds some of the world's largest proven oil reserves, concentrated in fields around Basra in the south and Kirkuk in the north, and is a member of the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. Iraq also has significant natural gas resources, though much remains underexploited. The currency is the Iraqi dinar. Iraq is a federal parliamentary republic. The country is a founding member of the Arab League and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Iraq's modern history has been shaped by the overthrow of the monarchy in 1958, decades of authoritarian rule, the Iran–Iraq War of the 1980s, the Gulf War in 1991, international sanctions and the 2003 invasion that toppled Saddam Hussein, followed by years of sectarian conflict and the fight against insurgent groups.