MIDNIGHT MINERS
Indonesian villagers on the island of Java earn $10 a night making several dangerous trips to collect sulphur from the active Ijen volcano, the caldera of which is 2 600 m above sea level, 1 km wide and filled with turquoise-blue extreme 0.5 pH acidity water. Many miners use a wet rag to protect themselves from the fumes of the volcano’s sulphurous gases, which burn with a blue flame. Crowbars and spades are used to extract the sulphur. Night mining is done to avoid scorching daytime temperatures. Current sulphur prices are at a low $83/t. This picture shows a midnight miner carrying baskets of sulphur in Banyuwangi.
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